Sail Canada Certification Guide

Which sailing course
is right for you?

SKS, Basic, Intermediate, or Basic and Intermediate together? It depends on your background, your goals, and how you like to learn. Answer a few questions and we will point you to the right starting level.

Find your starting point

These are the questions Evan asks every new student: what is your background, what are your goals, and where do you want to be in two, five and ten years. Your answers decide where you start.

Thirteen questions. About three minutes.

At the end you get a recommended starting level, your path through the certifications, where and when to take it, and the next steps. Nothing is saved or sent unless you choose to email your answers to us.

  1. 1 BackgroundWhere you are now
  2. 2 Goals2, 5 and 10 years out
  3. 3 How you learnPace and comfort
  4. 4 PlanningWhen and what you have

Each level, and what it lets you do

Sail Canada certifies keelboat sailors in steps. Each step adds responsibility: from crew, to skipper in familiar waters, to skipper in unfamiliar waters, to skipper day and night.

  1. 01 SKS Crew level
  2. 02 Basic Day skipper
  3. + Nav + Radio Classroom prerequisites
  4. 03 Intermediate Bareboat skipper
  5. 04 Advanced Day and night
01

Crew level

Start Keelboat Sailing

Your first time on a keelboat. You learn to be useful crew.

When you finish, you can

Sail safely as crew on a 6 to 12 metre keelboat in moderate daytime wind (5 to 20 knots), at the helm or on the sails.

It’s for you if

  • You have never sailed, or only as a passenger
  • You want to find out if sailing is for you before committing to a full course
  • You like to learn at a relaxed pace and let things sink in

What you’ll cover

  • Parts of the boat and sailing terms
  • Points of sail, tacking and gybing as crew
  • Reefing, sail trim and crew overboard as crew
  • Docking lines, winch safety and the core knots
Prerequisites
None
Evaluation
Open-book workbook, 70% to achieve
02

Day skipper

Basic Cruising

You skipper a cruising boat by day in waters you know.

When you finish, you can

Take command of a 6 to 10 metre sailboat with an engine, as skipper or crew, in familiar waters, by day, in moderate wind and sea.

It’s for you if

  • You want to take a boat out yourself: your own, a club boat or a friend’s
  • You have some sailing background (dinghy, windsurf, crewing) or you finished SKS
  • You are a beginner who is a quick learner and willing to read ahead

What you’ll cover

  • Docking, undocking and stopping under power
  • Anchoring and getting under way
  • Sail handling, reefing and crew overboard as skipper
  • Collision rules, safety gear, weather, charts and tides
Prerequisites
None (SKS or prior sailing helps)
Evaluation
Closed-book exam, 70% to achieve. Also qualifies you to apply for your Pleasure Craft Operator Card with no extra test.
+

Classroom prerequisites

Coastal Navigation, VHF and PCOC

The classroom pieces you need before Intermediate is signed off.

When you finish, you can

Plot a course, work out ETAs and fixes on a paper chart, use a marine radio properly, and operate a pleasure craft legally in Canada.

It’s for you if

  • Anyone heading for Intermediate Cruising
  • Boat owners who want to navigate with confidence beyond the chartplotter

What you’ll cover

  • Sail Canada Basic Coastal Navigation (chartwork, tides, aids to navigation)
  • ROC(M): the VHF radio certificate, with DSC endorsement
  • Pleasure Craft Operator Card (PCOC), which Basic Cruising qualifies you for
Prerequisites
None
Evaluation
Separate courses and exams, often taught in the winter. You can finish them up to 12 months after Intermediate.
03

Bareboat skipper

Intermediate Cruising

You skipper a cruising boat for a week in waters you don’t know.

When you finish, you can

Skipper a 9 to 12 metre yacht by day in unfamiliar coastal and inland waters, including the multi-day trips most charter companies ask for.

It’s for you if

  • You want to rent a boat on vacation, buy a cruising boat, or take friends and family out for a week
  • You already hold Basic Cruising and have skippered a few day sails since
  • You want to understand the boat itself: engine, electrics, water, provisioning

What you’ll cover

  • Sail trim with jib cars and traveller, six tacks in ten minutes
  • Mooring pickups, springing on and off, anchoring to a dock or shore
  • Engine checks and troubleshooting, boat systems, provisioning
  • Pilotage into unfamiliar harbours, ETAs and position fixes
Prerequisites
Basic Cruising, Basic Coastal Navigation, ROC(M) VHF, PCOC
Evaluation
Closed-book exam, 70% to achieve. You run the boat as skipper for at least 48 hours.
04

Day and night

Advanced Cruising

You take command day and night, including a passage of 48 hours or more.

When you finish, you can

Skipper a 10 to 15 metre yacht day and night within 100 nautical miles of shore, with watch systems, night crew overboard and heavy weather preparation.

It’s for you if

  • You want longer passages, deliveries or offshore crewing in your future
  • You hold Intermediate Cruising and have real skippering time since

What you’ll cover

  • A continuous passage of 48 hours or more
  • Night sailing and night crew overboard recovery
  • Heavy weather preparation and stability
  • Watch keeping and passage planning
Prerequisites
Intermediate Cruising, Intermediate Coastal Navigation, ROC(M) VHF
Evaluation
Practical evaluation and written exam

Blended Basic + Intermediate

Both certifications in one liveaboard week. You write two exams. It suits strong, motivated learners with some sailing background who will study before they arrive.

Is blended right for me?

Catamaran Endorsement

An add-on you can earn alongside Intermediate in the Exumas aboard a catamaran. $7,400 all-inclusive, with a minimum of 3 students.

Catamaran course

Mileage Builder

Not a certification. A week of sailing built around what you want to practise, often docking and sail trim. For anyone certified, rusty, or not ready to commit to an exam.

Mileage Builder

Basic and Intermediate together, or one at a time?

On a liveaboard week you can earn Basic, Intermediate, or both. Both is possible and several students have done it well. It is also a lot of work. Here is how to decide.

Option A

Basic first, Intermediate later

The steady route. Most people take it.

  • One exam and one set of skills at a time
  • A season of skippering day sails between courses, which is what Sail Canada recommends
  • Time to finish Coastal Navigation and VHF before Intermediate
  • You arrive at Intermediate ready to run the boat from day one

Best for: beginners, people who like to take their time, and anyone without much time to study before the course.

Option B

Blended Basic + Intermediate

Two certifications in one week.

  • Two exams: Basic and Intermediate
  • You need to arrive having studied both sets of materials
  • A steep learning curve. Expect to give it 150%.
  • Saves a second trip and gets you to bareboat level sooner

Best for: fast learners with dinghy, windsurfing or keelboat experience who want to charter or buy a boat soon and will study ahead.

Our honest take

Whatever we teach in a week only sticks if you keep sailing afterwards. If you finish a blended week and don’t sail for a year, you are better off having done Basic, sailed all summer, and come back. If you are a strong learner with sailing behind you and a boat or a bareboat trip in front of you, blended is a good choice. We don’t guarantee certification in either format. We do guarantee you will leave knowing much more than when you arrived, and that we will tell you honestly where you stand.

Coastal Navigation, VHF and the 12-month window

Intermediate has classroom prerequisites. They put some people off. They don’t need to, because you don’t have to finish them first.

Basic Coastal Navigation

Paper chartwork: courses, distances, ETAs, position fixes, tides, buoys and lights. It gives you a level of navigation many other training systems don’t cover, and you will use it on every trip.

ROC(M) VHF radio

The Restricted Operator Certificate (Maritime) is required to operate a marine VHF radio. Get the DSC endorsement, since most modern radios have a distress button.

Pleasure Craft Operator Card

Required to operate a powered boat in Canada. Once you achieve Basic Cruising, you can apply for your PCOC without another exam.

Summer Intermediate Cruising on the boat
Fall and winter Coastal Navigation and VHF, classroom or online
Within 12 months Send us your certificates. We sign off your Intermediate.

Miss the 12-month window and you will need a one-day refresher with us in Picton before we can sign you off. Not sure where to take Coastal Navigation or VHF? Ask us and we will point you to a school we trust.

Common starting points

“I have never sailed, but I want to rent a boat in the Caribbean one day.”

Start with Basic Cruising. SKS first if you like to take your time. Sail through a season, then do Intermediate.

“I grew up in dinghies and I want to bareboat next winter.”

Blended Basic + Intermediate is realistic for you. Study ahead and start Coastal Navigation now.

“I bought a boat two years ago and taught myself.”

Basic Cruising fills the gaps fast. If you are comfortable at the helm and studying, blended gets you the systems and engine knowledge an owner needs.

“My partner is keen. I am not sure I am.”

SKS or a Basic Cruising week. On a liveaboard each person works at their own level, so you can sail together without matching goals.

“I did my Intermediate ten years ago and feel rusty.”

Mileage Builder. Bring a list of what you want to practise. Docking and sail trim are the usual requests.

“I have Intermediate and want overnight passages.”

Advanced Cruising, after Intermediate Coastal Navigation. A Mileage Builder week is good preparation.

Certification questions, answered

Where should a complete beginner start?

If you have never sailed, or only as a passenger, start with Start Keelboat Sailing or go straight to Basic Cruising. Sail Canada recommends SKS for people with minimal time on the water. If you are a quick learner and will read the book before the course, Basic Cruising on its own works well. If you like to take your time, SKS first makes Basic much easier.

Can I skip Start Keelboat Sailing and go straight to Basic Cruising?

Yes. Basic Cruising has no prerequisites. Most people with any sailing background (dinghies, windsurfing, crewing on a friend’s boat) skip SKS. Without that background you can still do it, but expect to work harder in the first two days while you learn the terms and points of sail.

Can I skip Basic and go straight to Intermediate?

Not for the certification. Basic Cruising is a Sail Canada prerequisite for Intermediate. If you already sail, the option is to do both in one week: the blended Basic + Intermediate course. Basic Cruising can also be challenged by experienced sailors, with a minimum of 4 hours afloat plus the written exam.

What is the difference between Basic and Intermediate?

Many of the sailing skills are the same. Basic teaches you to skipper a boat by day in familiar waters. Intermediate takes the same skills to a higher standard and adds what you need to run a boat for a week in unfamiliar waters: engine checks and troubleshooting, electrical and water systems, provisioning, fuel and water planning, pilotage into new harbours, and managing a crew. It is often called the bareboat skipper level, because it is the certification most charter companies look for.

What are the prerequisites for Intermediate Cruising?

Sail Canada Basic Cruising, Basic Coastal Navigation, the ROC(M) VHF radio certificate with DSC endorsement, and a Pleasure Craft Operator Card. Sail Canada also recommends a first aid and CPR certificate and around ten day sails as skipper before you start.

I don’t have Coastal Navigation or my VHF yet. Can I still take Intermediate?

Yes. Sail Canada allows a 12-month window. You can take Intermediate now and finish Basic Coastal Navigation and your VHF within 12 months of the course. Once you send us those certificates, we sign off your Intermediate. If you miss the window, plan on a one-day refresher with us in Picton before we can sign you off. Coastal Navigation and VHF are usually taught in the winter, so many students do Intermediate in the summer and the classroom courses that winter.

Where do I take Coastal Navigation and the VHF course?

They are separate classroom courses offered by sailing schools and clubs, often over the winter and sometimes online. We are working on offering Basic Coastal Navigation ourselves. Until then, ask us and we will point you to a school we trust.

Do I need a Pleasure Craft Operator Card (PCOC)?

You need one to operate a powered boat in Canada, and it is an Intermediate prerequisite. Once you achieve Sail Canada Basic Cruising, you can apply for your PCOC without writing another exam.

Who should do Basic and Intermediate together in one week?

Strong, motivated learners who already have some sailing background and will study before they arrive. You write two exams and cover two levels of skills, so it is a lot of work. Several of our students have done it and done well. If you like to take your time and let things sink in, do Basic first, sail on your own for a season, then come back for Intermediate. See the comparison below.

What are the exams like? What if I don’t pass?

Basic and Intermediate each have a closed-book written exam. You need 70%. SKS uses an open-book workbook. Sail Canada does not use pass or fail: you are either achieved or in progress. If you are in progress on the exam, you can rewrite after two weeks. If you need more time on a practical skill, we talk it through during the course and make a plan with you. The practical skills matter most to us: we need to know you can handle the boat safely.

Is the Bahamas course the same certification as Lake Ontario?

Yes. Same Sail Canada standard, same skills checklist, same exam. The difference is format. In the Exumas you live aboard for a week, so there is more time on the water and a wider range of conditions: protected sailing on the Exuma Bank and open ocean swell outside it, plus tides and currents. In Prince Edward County the courses are shorter and closer to home.

Can basic and intermediate students sail on the same boat?

Yes, and it works well. Each student works on their own level. Intermediate students practise skippering by briefing and coaching the crew, which is a big part of being a skipper. Basic students get extra time as crew watching how a skipper runs the boat.

I already have ASA, IYT or RYA certification. Where do I fit?

If you want Sail Canada certification, you would generally start with Basic Cruising, and with your background a blended Basic + Intermediate week is usually realistic. If you just want to get back on the water and sharpen your skills, a Mileage Builder week is often the better fit. Send us your sailing background and we will recommend a path.

I took Intermediate years ago and feel rusty. What should I do?

A Mileage Builder week. You tell us what you want to work on (docking, sail trim, crew overboard, anchoring) and we build the week around it. You can also use the Intermediate standard as a checklist and pick the items you want to refresh.

Does dinghy sailing (CANSail) count toward cruising certification?

No. CANSail and the cruising standards are separate systems and don’t transfer. Dinghy experience is still a big advantage: you already understand wind, points of sail and sail trim, so you can spend the course on boat handling, the engine, anchoring and navigation. Dinghy sailors are good candidates for blended Basic + Intermediate.

Which certification do I need to charter a boat on vacation?

Most charter companies in North America and the Caribbean accept Sail Canada Intermediate Cruising as proof of competence, along with a sailing resume. Requirements vary by company and country, and some European countries ask for an International Certificate of Competence (ICC). Check with the company you plan to use, or ask us.

Do Sail Canada certifications expire?

No. What fades is the skill if you don’t use it. The best thing you can do after any course is keep sailing: crew for friends, join a club, rent a boat for a day, or come back for a Mileage Builder week.

How much should I study before my course?

As soon as you register you get access to the student portal: online lessons, quizzes, practice exams and simulators. Start right away, even 10 to 15 minutes a day. The more theory you have in hand when you arrive, the more of the course we can spend sailing. For a blended week, plan on regular study for several weeks before you arrive.

Still not sure? Tell us about yourself.

Send us your sailing background and your goals for the next two, five and ten years. Evan will reply with a recommended path.